When small fans cause big headaches

Compact air handlers (AHUs) in office HVAC systems may seem too small to cause serious trouble—until they do. Operating in quiet, enclosed environments with sensitive occupants and equipment, these low-horsepower fan units (typically under 10 HP) can quickly become a maintenance nightmare if even slightly imbalanced. Unlike large industrial systems, these compact AHUs are often overlooked, yet they demand more attention due to their noise sensitivity, structural fragility, and wide speed range.

Solving balancing challenges in Compact air handlers (AHUs)

In our recent site inspection, a seemingly “healthy” AHU turned out to have multiple hidden issues—each capable of triggering unwanted vibration, excessive noise, and premature wear. What started as a quick visual check ended with a list of critical corrective actions.

Key factors that make balancing critical

  • Motor capacity: Usually below 10 HP, but even small imbalance has noticeable effects.
  • Drive system: Belt-driven or direct-drive fan wall units, each with unique balancing needs.
  • Mounting method: Commonly installed on spring isolators to reduce vibration transfer.
  • Speed variation: Modern VFDs allow a wide speed range, increasing the risk of resonance.

Let’s break down the common causes of fan vibration in compact AHUs and how to fix them—and what to do before jumping into balancing.

Dust and Rust: small imbalances with big impact

Even a thin layer of dust or surface rust can throw off the fan’s balance, reduce airflow efficiency, and speed up wear.
What to look for:

  • Visible dust on the fan blades or housing
  • Rust forming on the fan wheel

Fix it:

  • Vacuum or blow off dust using compressed air
  • Gently brush away rust and apply corrosion-resistant paint
  • Schedule regular fan cleaning and inspection

Flexible fan housings: A recipe for resonance

Light-gauge galvanised steel, common in small AHUs, often lacks the rigidity to resist vibration. If fan speed aligns with the housing’s natural frequency, resonance kicks in—amplifying vibrations to damaging levels.

What to look for:

  • Excessive noise or vibration at specific speeds
  • Thin or visibly flexible panels

Fix it:

  • Reinforce with brackets or gussets
  • Adjust speed to avoid resonant frequency range
  • In persistent cases, consult a vibration specialist

Oversized motor sheave: check before you spin

If the motor sheave is larger than the fan sheave, your fan may be spinning faster than designed—raising red flags for potential imbalance and resonance.

What to look for:

  • Unusual sheave configurations
  • Unexpected fan speeds

Fix it:

  • Verify sheave installation matches design specs
  • Double-check shaft positions and sheave ratios
  • Treat odd setups as potential sources of future vibration

Misadjusted isolators: from dampers to disturbers

Spring isolators are meant to block vibration, not transmit it. But over time, poor alignment or sagging springs turn them into vibration amplifiers.

What to look for:

  • Uneven isolator height
  • Worn or compressed springs

Fix it:

  • Inspect and adjust isolators for even load distribution
  • Replace any that are damaged or ineffective
  • Maintain records to track isolator performance over time

Misaligned sheaves & incorrect belt tension: silent issues

A misaligned belt or incorrect tension doesn’t just cause belt wear—it introduces imbalance that gets worse over time.
What to look for:

  • Uneven belt wear
  • Squealing sounds or belt slippage

Fix it:

  • Use a laser or straightedge tool to align sheaves
  • Adjust belt tension as per manufacturer recommendations
  • Recheck tension and alignment periodically

Forgotten shipping bolts: hidden troublemakers

Many AHUs ship with internal bolts for transport safety. These must be removed before operation—or they’ll interfere with alignment and motion.

What to look for:

  • Bolts that look out of place or tightly fastened to internal frames
  • Excessive vibration from the start

Fix it:

  • Remove all shipping bolts before startup
  • Refer to the manufacturer’s guide for bolt locations
  • Ensure all components move freely

The result: Simpler balancing, smoother operation

In the site example mentioned earlier, just a few proactive fixes—cleaning, rust removal, isolator tuning, and proper sheave alignment—helped reduce vibration significantly. The fan didn’t even need rebalancing afterward.

Moral of the story?
Before reaching for a balancing tool, ensure your basics are covered. Most vibration issues aren’t caused by imbalance alone—they’re symptoms of overlooked mechanical or installation errors.

When balancing is needed—make it smart

Once all the fundamentals are addressed, if balancing is still necessary, you’ll be working with a well-prepared system—making the job quicker, easier, and more effective.

For precision balancing, consider the Acoem Wireless Balancer—the industry’s first wireless, two-plane synchronous balancing tool that delivers accurate results with real-time data and zero cable clutter. It’s compact, powerful, and built for the kinds of machines that often get ignored… until it’s too late.

Don’t let a small fan become a big problem.

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by Stan Riddle | | June 24, 2025
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